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Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Treating COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition that affects around 1.2 million people in the UK1.

Characterised by pulmonary airflow limitation, COPD can cause symptoms such as chronic coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and frequent respiratory infections. While there is currently no cure for COPD, proper treatment and lifestyle changes can significantly improve the quality of life for those affected.

Understanding the Basics of COPD

COPD encompasses two main conditions: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis involves inflammation of the airways and excessive mucus production, while emphysema causes damage to the air sacs in the lungs, reducing oxygen exchange.

The primary cause of COPD is long-term exposure to lung irritants, such as air pollution, or occupational hazards like dust and chemicals. The foremost cause of COPD, however, is smoking, accounting for about 70% of COPD cases2.

Genetics also play a role; for instance, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) can increase susceptibility to the disease. Up to 3% of people living with COPD are also living with AATD3.

Medical Treatments for COPD

Effective management of COPD starts with an accurate diagnosis, typically involving spirometry tests to measure lung function (inhaled/exhaled volume and how fast you can blow air out). Once diagnosed, treatment focuses on alleviating symptoms, preventing complications, and slowing disease progression.

  1. Medications
    • Bronchodilators (relievers): These are inhaled medications that relax the muscles around the airways, making it easier to breathe. Short-acting bronchodilators provide quick relief, while long-acting versions are used for ongoing symptom control by around 86% of people living with COPD4.
    • Inhaled corticosteroids: These reduce inflammation in the airways and are often prescribed in combination with bronchodilators for moderate to severe COPD.
    • Combination inhalers: These contain both bronchodilators and corticosteroids for more comprehensive treatment.
    • Antibiotics: These may be necessary to treat or prevent infections, which can worsen COPD symptoms. Respiratory infections are responsible for 70-80% of COPD exacerbations (a flare-up or worsening of symptoms)5.
  2. Oxygen Therapy – For individuals with severe COPD and low blood oxygen levels, supplemental oxygen can be life-changing, improving energy levels and overall well-being.
  3. Pulmonary Rehabilitation – For example, the NHS offer a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme delivered in small groups which involves tailored physical exercise and information that helps people to better understand and manage their condition. The NHS report that this programme improves people’s ability to walk further and helps them feel less tired and breathless when carrying out day-to-day activities; 90% of patients who complete a PR programme have higher activity and exercise levels and report an improved quality of life6.
  4. Surgery – In advanced cases, surgical options such as lung volume reduction surgery or lung transplants may be considered.

Lifestyle Adjustments for Better Management

COPD treatment extends beyond medications and medical interventions. Lifestyle changes play a crucial role in managing the disease:

  • Quit Smoking: This is the most effective step in slowing COPD progression. Support groups, nicotine replacement therapy, and medications can aid in quitting.
  • Healthy Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains helps maintain energy levels and prevent weight loss or gain, both of which can worsen symptoms.
  • Stay Active: Regular, moderate exercise can improve lung function and overall health. Consult a healthcare provider to develop a safe activity plan.
  • Avoid Triggers: Minimise exposure to air pollutants, allergens, and respiratory irritants.

Staying Ahead of COPD

Proactive management is key to living well with COPD. Regular check-ups, adherence to prescribed treatments, and vaccinations for influenza and pneumonia can prevent exacerbations. Emotional well-being is equally important; joining support groups and seeking mental health support can help people living with COPD and their families to navigate the challenges of the disease.

With the right treatment plan and a proactive approach, individuals with COPD can enjoy a more fulfilling and active life.

Improving Treatments for COPD

Here at MAC Clinical Research, we are committed to improving quality of life for people living with COPD through clinical trials investigating potential new treatments. If you are aged 40 to 75 with COPD, you could be eligible to take part in an upcoming COPD clinical trial.

Eligible participants will receive payment for their time and commitment, plus reasonable travel expenses or transport to clinic visit provided.

For more information and to see if you could be eligible, register your interest via our COPD study page.

1 NHS – Digital service to manage high-risk chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients

2 World Health Organization – Smoking is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

3 Canadian Medical Association Journal – Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a commonly overlooked cause of lung disease

4 International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – Disease Burden and Healthcare Utilization Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in England

5 International Journal of Molecular Science – Chronic Respiratory Infection in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: What Is the Role of Antibiotics?

6 NHS – Pulmonary Rehabilitation

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